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The 2 frequencies' section velocities are equivalent when they provide the very same refractive index. The refractive indices for these two frequencies are commonly not equal, mainly because all media besides vacuum are dispersive. This means that a cloth's refractive index depends on the light's frequency.
Although this rule of thumb offers a common craze, It's not a quantitative Examination of LIDT vs wavelength. In CW applications, For illustration, injury scales more strongly with absorption within the coating and substrate, which will not essentially scale nicely with wavelength.
This performance is important, particularly when one considers the technology of your 266nm wavelength, the place even insignificant inefficiencies can lead to important Vitality losses.
Determine 23: This diagram illustrates a beam's focal location inside a uniaxial birefringent substance. Straight strains, representing rays, are drawn throughout the center on the beam waist. As the beam diverges from the beam waistline, the Electrical power from the beam is distributed around a larger cross sectional place.
In the event the Rayleigh variety is lower than the crystal thickness, the space more than which the beam is optimally rigorous is lower than the crystal thickness.
Figure 18: The ordinary and incredible refractive indices of β-BBO differ with frequency and wavelength on account of a cloth house named dispersion. Dispersion exists in all media except vacuum.
Some manufacturers' SHG crystals, such as Thorlabs', provide near-phase-matched problems for Usually incident input mild for any specified elementary frequency. These brands polish the faces with the SHG crystals these the angle between the Ordinarily incident light-weight as well as optic axis could be the stage-matched angle for the required frequency.
Such as, think about a elementary pulse propagating around a provided crystal thickness. If the temporal walk-off is greater in comparison to the duration of the elemental pulse, this pulse will even have a spectral bandwidth that enormously exceeds the spectral width from the reference pulse. A standard rule for restricting the harmful consequences associated with the two physical results is to select a crystal thickness that limits the basic and 2nd harmonic temporal a-BBO Crystal stroll-off to not more than the period of the elemental pulse.
Hence, the next harmonic pulse spectrum, demonstrated on the ideal, has a spectral width somewhere around the same as The best case. Preferably, each and every frequency in the elemental pulse spectrum can be at the same time stage matched.
Both broad-bandwidth pulses and temporal stroll-off cause a discount from the conversion performance, as well as worsen the optical high quality of the 2nd harmonic pulses. The suitable crystal thickness must be decided on to reduce the two results.
Custom coatings is often applied to the crystal surfaces to boost their efficiency at certain wavelengths or to protect the crystal from environmental things. On the other hand, it’s essential to Observe that any customization needs to be accomplished carefully to stay away from degrading the crystal’s optical Houses.
When laser mild is focused to a location, the diameter of your beam waistline would be the focal place measurement, and the rate at which The sunshine diverges from your beam waist is related to the Rayleigh variety (zR).
Pulsed lasers with large pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) may possibly behave equally to CW beams. Sad to say, this is very dependent on aspects including absorption and thermal diffusivity, so there's no responsible technique for analyzing when a high PRF laser will harm an optic because of thermal consequences.